First speech / verses 1 to 6.
Interpretation of Surah Al-Baraa'at
بَرَاءَةٌ مِّنَ اللَّـهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى الَّذِينَ عَاهَدتُّم مِّنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ﴿١﴾ فَسِيحُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ غَيْرُ مُعْجِزِي اللَّـهِ ۙ وَأَنَّ اللَّـهَ مُخْزِي الْكَافِرِينَ ﴿٢﴾ وَأَذَانٌ مِّنَ اللَّـهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى النَّاسِ يَوْمَ الْحَجِّ الْأَكْبَرِ أَنَّ اللَّـهَ بَرِيءٌ مِّنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ۙ وَرَسُولُهُ ۚ فَإِن تُبْتُمْ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ ۖ وَإِن تَوَلَّيْتُمْ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ غَيْرُ مُعْجِزِي اللَّـهِ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
These are the signs of disapproval and disloyalty from Allah for those polytheists with whom you have made a covenant. So, O polytheists, travel in the land for four months in complete security, and know that you cannot trouble Allah, and that it is Allah Who is the Disposer of affairs. And these are the signs of Allah and His Messenger on the Day of the Greater Pilgrimage, that Allah and His Messenger are not under any obligation towards the polytheists. But if you repent, that is better for you. And if you turn back, then know that you will not be able to trouble Allah. And give good tidings to those who disbelieve of a painful punishment. Except those polytheists with whom you have made a covenant, and they have not broken their covenant with you in any way, nor have they supported anyone against you. So fulfill their covenant and fulfill their term, for Allah loves the righteous. So when the sacred months have passed, kill the polytheists wherever you find them. Seize them and besiege them, and lie in wait for them in every ambush. So if they repent and establish prayer and give zakat, then open a way for them. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. And if one of the polytheists seeks your protection, grant him protection until he hears the word of God, then take him to his place of safety. For they are a people who do not know
Proportion of verses
The opening verses of this Surah, which were recited by the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) during the Great Hajj, are the title of this Surah; especially the first verse: "A declaration of disgust from Allah and His Messenger to those whom you have made a covenant with from among the polytheists," which is the title of the declaration
"disgust from Allah and His Messenger", meaning this is an disgust, meaning to reject something in spirit and mind and to distance oneself from it. This is a declaration of disgust from Allah and His Messenger to those of the polytheists with whom you have made a covenant. This is the text and title of the disgust
"مٍن" in the verse stands for the beginning of the end; although in the compound "مٍن"
"Men" is always used to indicate "I am free from him" except here, where it is used for the beginning of the end; that is, this aversion is declared by God and His Messenger: "From Allah and His Messenger." That is, now that the Messenger of God is reading this declaration, you should know that it is not from him, but from God and His Messenger. To whom is this declaration addressed? "To those with whom you have made a covenant." Often, commentators interpret the word "to" to mean
They have not done so. The meaning of "to" is the end of the goal; as opposed to "مٍن" which is the beginning of the goal; that is, this is a declaration addressed to the polytheists from God; let the polytheists listen, then مٍن" in the verse conveys who this declaration is from, and "to" explains who the addressee is. The reference of the pronoun "عاهدتم" is the Muslims and the very existence of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and his family)
The verse "فسیحوا فی الارض اربعه اشهر واعلموا انکم غیر معجزی الله و ان الله مخزی الکافرین
The phrase "fasihwu " means "search for four months." You have four months and you are safe, but if you want to oppose and not bow down or if you declare your existence, then God is the one who is over you. And know that God is the one who humiliates, and punishes the disbelievers. What a fragile tone it is if a society feels powerful and proudly and powerfully announces to its opponents that we are giving you a four-month deadline.
The verse also has a message for us that the face of Islam is not just an open and smiling face, but an Islam that is so compassionate and merciful towards nations that even an illiterate soldier on the battlefield understands that he must be compassionate and kind to the defeated people. This is the same Islam when it faces the disbelievers. It says: “Indeed, Allah is the Humiliator of the Disbelievers”
This is because the Islamic reckoning prevails. If you do not come and surrender or if you intend to declare your existence before God, know that God will humiliate you
After declaring the disgust of this verse, it addresses the polytheists: "Travel through the earth for four months; you have a respite of four months." This tone is different from the usual speech. The first statement is: "Travel through the earth for four months; Not that fighting is your first choice. “And know that you cannot make the God's helpless. You are not someone who would flee from the clutches of God or gather forces during these four months and fight against Islam
Whatever is against Islam is against the nature and creation of the world. What has been done through the religion of God throughout history is in accordance with the nature of the world and the nature of man, and since it is the essence of man, whatever is in accordance with his nature remains, and whatever is contrary to it is destroyed. Therefore, the four-month period does not mean that disbelief can remain, but rather that disbelief is destroyed, because it is contrary to human nature
And know that Allah is the One who disgraces the disbelievers; He afflicts them with humiliation and abasement. The laws and traditions of Allah are current regarding the disbelievers, and this tradition is also one of the traditions of Allah that disgraces and abases the disbelievers. He reveals what they conceal and disgraces them
Kafirin: Kafir means "coverer." Kafir are those who cover; but what they cover is wide-ranging: they cover the face of God's blessings and they also cover the ugly and disgusting face of their animal cruelty... But the divine law and tradition is that God reveals what the kafirs cover and disgraces them. Here, kafirin includes all the kafirs of the world; whether those who were before, those who are now, or those who will come after
The four-month deadline message
On the day when the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) went to Mecca on behalf of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) and stood in front of the people and said: "We are giving you a respite of four months." What did this respite mean in the world of that day
In my opinion, this respite was a real miracle of Islam. In those days, the criterion for killing other human beings was power. If a human being could kill another and there was no obstacle to him, he would definitely kill. In all the governments of the world, it is the same and it has not made any difference. So the day this announcement was made was a day when, if he had power, no one would have been afraid of anyone. That day, Islam was at the peak of its power; it had secured the entire island and was now saying to its enemies: "You have four months to spare. This is the true spirit of Islam. This is the same Islam that when they took up swords and went to fight others, they said: We seek your happiness and pride”; and this opportunity is an example of that. Islam, which said that it came to make man human, showed It really is
Beginning and end of the four-month period
There are opinions about the implementation of these four months: Some have said: These four months start from the beginning of Shawwal until the end of Muharram, because in a few verses later, it is said: when the four sacred months are finished." This interpretation is wrong. It seems that when the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him and his family) sends a representative and says, "You have four months of respite," it means from now; not that the previous months are also counted; therefore, the end of time is the tenth of Rabi al-Thani
Narrations also support this promise. And the call to prayer from Allah and His Messenger to the people on the day of the Great Hajj
Commentators have several opinions on determining the day of the Great Hajj, 1- days of Eid al-Adha in the ninth year: 2- days of Arafah, 3- days after Eid al-Adha, and 4-. It is not special day, but the whole days of Hajj are meant; Like Yom al-Safin, which means the days of al-Safin. It is also mentioned in traditions that Hazrat Ali (peace be upon him) on a special day he recited these verses several times that year, according to the hadiths of the first aspect. It is more precise. Free means not having a commitment to do so: And give glad tidings to those who disbelieve: Good news is news whose effect appears on the skin of a person, not Its meaning is good news; “Every news shows its effect in the skin of the listener and the informer.” This verse means that we are fighting with treachery and cowardice. If we say that you should be killed, it is because you have created a barrier in the path of humanity and human happiness; we want to sacrifice you, who are a nuisance, for humanity. We want to push you, the clouds, away from the sun of Islam. Otherwise, if you had not caused a nuisance, had not obstructed the path, and had not intended to destroy us, we would have given you respite
So when the sacred month were finished, kill the polytheists where you found them, take them, gather them, and kill them all. If they repented and performed prayers and gave zakat, then leave them alone. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful: This verse states the order to deal with polytheists after the end of the four-month period, to kill them wherever you see them - even in the sanctuary. It is a general principle in Islam that whenever there is a conflict between two weak and strong obligatory acts or two weak and strong forbidden acts, more important case is the first
"Ansalakh" is an allusion to the end. The original meaning of this word "Salakh" is to skin a snake, then it has been removed from its original meaning and used in an allegorical sense. Salakh, a metaphor or allusion to the end of a period
The context of the verse of the sacred months, according to some, means the sacred months; but the verse indicates that what is meant is the four months of respite. And take them. The meaning of the verse is to kill the infidels and take them captive; but this is contrary to the tone of the verse. This taking, encircling, and sitting in ambush are all preludes to murder; that is, kill them; but killing them is not easy, they may escape; therefore, they must be captured. Besiege them and lie in ambush in their path. This is the opinion of Shiite commentators. It may be asked why we should kill them? In response, it must be said that this killing is not without prelude. Islam did not come to kill, but to give life and livelihood to humans, but life is the right of everyone; therefore, if some want to stand against humanity and collective life, they must be fought. The realization of life for everyone has prerequisites. One is to have an independent Islamic government, and the other is that Islam can speak its mind without interference and no one hinders it. Now, if someone obstructs this sun and opposes it, the only way to overcome this person's resistance is to sacrifice himself for the majority of humanity. Therefore, compassion and emotional interaction have no place here. Emotion is valid only to the extent that it is expressed through thought and Logic is necessary, and without it it will never be useful. And if one of the polytheists seeks asylum you, give shelter him until he hears the words of Allah, then inform him of the one who has trusted him. That is because they are a people who do not know: This verse states the ruling on giving shelter to polytheists who seek shelter. If one of the polytheists says to a Muslim, "I seek shelter in order to hear the words of Allah," he should be given shelter
Here the question comes to mind: what kind of school is this that on the one hand says that these polytheists should be killed because they are an obstacle and a barrier to humanity, and on the other hand, it says that even on the battlefield, if one of them comes and asks for refuge, give him refuge so that he can come and hear the verses of God, perhaps he will believe. Suppose, if he does not believe, do not betray or deceive him and do not kill him, but send him to his own safety; then, if you want, fight him in the same place in the city and his own safety; not in your own homes. This is where it can be understood that the Western depiction of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him and his family) holding a sword in one hand and the Quran in the other is far from reality. They say: "Islam presented the Quran, and if anyone did not accept it, he would lower his sword into his side." How different is this depiction from reality
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) described the behavior of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) as follows: Then he says, "Walk in the name of Allah, and by Allah, and in the way of Allah, and on the people of the Messenger of Allah, may God's prayers and peace be upon him. Tagherova And don't kill a mortal sheikh, nor a boy, nor a woman, and don't cut down a tree unless you have to. The least of the Muslims, and the best of them, look at a man from among the polytheists, for he is a neighbor until he hears the word of God, so if he follows you My brother in Your religion and my father
So let him be safe and then seek help from Allah. This narrative understands that war is for God, not for booty
In other words, the banner and emblem of this war is the name of God. "By God" means that you should know that all the factors, laws, and traditions of this world are in your profits are flowing
The polytheist's social thorn in the religious brother's help
The world of creation has a nature; that is, everyone is subject to specific laws and traditions and continues on their path according to a law. Man also has a law, nature, and tradition that if he walks according to the same nature. He will achieve happiness; but because man has the power of will and free will. He chooses the path himself; therefore, he can move contrary to that natural tradition
The correct religion is to plan human movements based on the same natural and innate laws and to plan accordingly. Islam also wants to adapt man to the nature and tradition of the world. If a religion and law had such a goal, naturally all the manifestations and phenomena of the world would help it. The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and his family) sees that he has a healthy seed in his hand that grows in favorable conditions; therefore, he says, "I see Iranian taqe kasra in your possession. In the way of Allah, that is, in the way of freedom, in the way of happiness; in the way of light. Whatever is good for all people is in the way of Allah. "Walk... In the way of Allah, that is, go for humanity, for
Humans, do not mutilate to establish justice; we wanted this thorn to be out of the way. Now that you have cut the thorn, there is no point in burning and mutilating, so do not do these things
Do not betray people, do not kill an old man, a child, or a woman, and do not cut down a tree unless you are forced to do so. Islam is against the destruction of any living being, so the first principle is not to kill or harm. The pronoun "ha" in الیها" "elaiha" may refer to everything that came before this; that is, the principle is not to kill an old man, a child, or a woman, and do not cut down a tree unless you are forced to do so. If any Muslim, regardless of social status, whether high or low, shelters a polytheist, that polytheist is under his shelter until he hears the word of God; so if he obeys you, he is your brother in religion, and if he does not accept, send him to his safe place and seek refuge with God. Seek help to overcome him
